Artificial intelligence in real estate valuation: advances, challenges and perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36825/RITI.14.33.006Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Real Estate Valuation, Automated Valuation Models, Real Estate TechnologyAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has acquired an increasing role in real estate valuation using automated valuation models (AVM), designed to streamline processes and analyze large volumes of data. This article examines recent advances in the application of AI to real estate valuation, as well as its main technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges, and, above all, the accuracy of its estimates in relation to the sale values found in the real estate market on a given date. With an emphasis on emerging markets, the study combines a review of specialized literature with a case study of a residential property valued using an automated platform, comparing the result obtained with a reference value based on publicly available market information. The results of the case study show an absolute percentage deviation of 38.89%, highlighting significant limitations of AVM when applied in contexts with high urban heterogeneity, a scarcity of reliable transactional data, and limited submarket segmentation. Based on these findings, the role of AI as a support tool in valuation practice is discussed. It is concluded that AI does not replace the professional appraiser, but rather complements their work, provided there is technical supervision, methodological traceability, and regulatory frameworks that guarantee transparency, ethics, and reliability in real estate valuation.
References
Karanikolas, N., Kyriakidou, E., Athanasouli, E. (2025). Artificial Intelligence and Real Estate Valuation: The Design and Implementation of a Multimodal Model. Information, 16 (12), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16121049
Pagourtzi, E., Assimakopoulos, V., Hatzichristos, T., French, N. (2020). Real estate appraisal: A review of valuation methods. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 21 (4), 383–401. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635780310483656
Park, J. K., Lee, J. B., Ahn, Y. M., Yoo, G. Y. (2025). A Case Study on Multi-Real-Option-Integrated STO-PF Models for Strengthening Capital Structures in Real Estate Development. Buildings, 15 (2), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15020216
Huang, C., Liang, B., Li, Z., Chen, F. (2025). Multimodal machine learning for real estate appraisal: A comprehensive survey. Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-8183-9_26
Jafary, P., Shojaei, D., Rajabifard, A., Ngo, T. (2025). AI, machine learning and BIM for enhanced property valuation: Integration of cost and market approaches through a hybrid model. Habitat International, 164, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2025.103515
Stojanović, Z., Galić, D., Kahrić, H. (2025). Predicting Real Estate Prices Using Machine Learning in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data, 10 (9), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/data10090135
Ofosu-Ampong, K. (2024). Artificial intelligence research: A review on dominant themes, methods, frameworks and future research directions. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 14, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2024.100127
Tapia, J., Chavez-Garzon, N., Pezoa, R., Suarez-Aldunate, P., Pilleux, M. (2025). Comparing automated valuation models for real estate assessment in the Santiago Metropolitan Region: A study on machine learning algorithms and hedonic pricing with spatial adjustments. PLoS ONE, 20 (3), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318701
MacFarland, A. (2025). Las 10 mejores herramientas de IA para el sector inmobiliario. Unite.AI. https://www.unite.ai/es/best-ai-real-estate-tools/
Cao, Y., Xu, Y., Ji, Y., Wang, H. (2025). Automated machine learning for real estate valuation – Revisit with England cases. SSRN, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5563792
Surgelas, V, Puķīte, V, Arhipova, I. (2024). Property Valuation in Latvia and Brazil: A Multifaceted Approach Integrating Algorithm, Geographic Information System, Fuzzy Logic, and Civil Engineering Insights. Real Estate, 1 (3), 229-251. https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate1030012
World Compliance Association. (2025). Inteligencia artificial y regulación ética: Retos y perspectivas para el cumplimiento normativo. https://www.worldcomplianceassociation.com/3357/articulo-inteligencia-artificial-y-regulacion-tica-retos-y perspectivas-para-el-cumplimiento-normativo.html
AllianceBernstein. (2024). AI ethics and regulation: How investors can navigate the maze. https://www.alliancebernstein.com/es/es/financial-intermediary/insights/investment-insights/ai-ethics-and-regulation-how-investors-can-navigate-the-maze.html
Domínguez, M. (2024). Techvalúo, la innovadora aplicación inmobiliaria que utiliza tecnologías de inteligencia artificial para estimar el valor de las propiedades. Tasvalúo. https://tasvaluo.com/techvaluo-la-innovadora-aplicacion-inmobiliaria-que-utiliza-tecnologias-de-inteligencia-artificial-para-estimar-el-valor-de-las-propiedades/
Gignac, G. E., Szodorai, E. T. (2024). Defining intelligence: Bridging the gap between human and artificial perspectives. Intelligence, 104, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2024.101832
Humarán Nahed, I., Roca Cladera, J. (2010). Hacia una medida integrada del factor de localización en la valoración residencial. ACE. architecture, city and environment, 5 (13), 185-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ace.v5i13.2499
Kucharska-Stasiak, E. (2025). The model of real estate valuation as an investor-oriented model. Real Estate Management and Valuation, 33 (1), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2025-0009
Menghini, S., Alampi Sottini, V., Fratini, R. (2024). From fair market value to judicial market value of real estate. Aestimum 84, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.36253/aestim-15228
CBRE Spain. (2026). Inteligencia artificial en valoraciones. CBRE. https://www.cbre.es/insights/books/inteligencia-artificial-en-real-estate/inteligencia-artificial-en-valoraciones
Inmovaluar. (2023). Inteligencia artificial en el campo de avalúos. https://www.inmovaluar.com/2023/05/02/inteligencia-artificial-en-el-campo-de-avaluo/
Tasvalúo. (2024). Avalúos inmobiliarios. https://tasvaluo.com/avaluos-inmobiliarios/
European Commission. (2021). Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). Comisión Europea
OECD. (2022). OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems. OECD Publishing.
Barroso Camiade, C., Pérez Castrejón, E. M. (2025). Desafíos éticos y legales en el uso de la inteligencia artificial. Sintaxis, 14, 1–20. https://revistas.anahuac.mx/index.php/sintaxis/article/view/2847
Mirón, P. (2024). Valuación inmobiliaria y la IA: riesgos y oportunidades. https://ac.sax.software/articulo-ia-en-la-valoracion-inmobiliaria
Grajeda, M. V., Grajeda, A. (2024). Inteligencia Artificial al Servicio de la Valuación Inmobiliaria en México. Congreso Nacional de Valuación. https://covaproes.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/11-Inteligencia-Artificial-al-Servicio-de-la-Valuacion-Grajeda-1.pdf
Appraisal Institute. (2020). Artificial Intelligence, AVMs, and the Future of Valuation. Appraisal Institute.
Inspacedigital. (2023). 4 útiles casos de uso de la IA en el sector inmobiliario. https://inspacedigital.com/ia-sector-inmobiliario/
Rosales, G. (2025). Inteligencia artificial: El nuevo aliado en la valuación inmobiliaria. Real Estate Market. https://realestatemarket.com.mx/noticias/mercado-inmobiliario/47573-inteligencia-artificial-el-nuevo-aliado-en-la-valuacion-inmobiliaria
International Association of Assessing Officers (IAAO). (2025) Standard on Mass Appraisal of Real Property. Documento marco sobre desempeño y métricas de calidad en valuación masiva. https://www.iaao.org/wp-content/uploads/Standard_on_Mass_Appraisal.pdf
Intreasso. (2026). Impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la evaluación de propiedades. https://www.intreasso.org/impacto-de-la-inteligencia-artificial-en-la-evaluacion-de-propiedades/
Kim, W. S., Choi, I., Lee, M. (2025). Explainable AI-based mass appraisal: Insights from machine learning applications in Korea’s residential property market. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 29 (5), 350–376. https://doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2025.25137
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Revista de Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Esta revista proporciona un acceso abierto a su contenido, basado en el principio de que ofrecer al público un acceso libre a las investigaciones ayuda a un mayor intercambio global del conocimiento.
El texto publicado en la Revista de Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información (RITI) se distribuye bajo la licencia Creative Commons (CC BY-NC
), que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado citando a los autores del trabajo y a RITI, pero sin hacer uso del material con propósitos comerciales.
