Reconocimiento facial aplicado a la gestión en instituciones educativas: una revisión sistemática de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36825/RITI.14.34.006Palabras clave:
Reconocimiento Facial, Gestión Educativa, Revisión Sistemática, Biometría, Aprendizaje ProfundoResumen
El reconocimiento facial se ha incorporado con rapidez a la gestión de instituciones educativas, pero la evidencia sobre su desempeño y sus condiciones de uso permanece dispersa. Esta revisión sistemática, conducida según el protocolo PRISMA 2020, analiza 25 artículos de acceso abierto publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en Scopus, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore y Springer Nature Link, seleccionados de 6,999 registros iniciales. Las aplicaciones se concentran en el control de asistencia (44%) y el control de acceso (40%), seguidos del monitoreo cognitivo (12%) y la seguridad biométrica (4%). La familia ResNet/FaceNet es la más utilizada (28% de los estudios) y las exactitudes reportadas superan el 90% en la mayoría de las implementaciones, aunque provienen de entornos controlados con muestras reducidas. La revisión identifica tres vacíos críticos: ningún estudio documenta procedimientos de consentimiento informado, ninguno describe la composición demográfica de sus conjuntos de datos y solo uno evalúa empíricamente la aceptación de los usuarios. Se concluye que la madurez técnica de la tecnología supera a su madurez ética y normativa, por lo que su adopción institucional exige auditorías demográficas, políticas explícitas de protección de datos biométricos y estudios de aceptación multiactor.
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