El impacto de la inteligencia artificial y las herramientas digitales en las asignaturas básicas de la educación superior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36825/RITI.13.30.002Palabras clave:
Formación Docente, Competencias Digitales, Educación Superior, Tecnología EducativaResumen
La integración de inteligencia artificial (IA) y herramientas digitales en la educación superior ha transformado las metodologías pedagógicas, generando tanto oportunidades como desafíos en asignaturas fundamentales. Este estudio analiza el impacto diferenciado de estas tecnologías en Matemáticas, Lengua y Literatura, Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Sociales y Lengua Extranjera, mediante un diseño mixto secuencial explicativo que combina una revisión sistemática de 312 estudios indexados con entrevistas semiestructuradas a 15 expertos. Los resultados revelan mejoras significativas en rendimiento, especialmente en CTIM y lenguas, aunque con efectos limitados en habilidades críticas y creativas. Se identifican paradojas clave, como la tensión entre personalización del aprendizaje y homogenización de resultados, así como brechas en formación docente y equidad de acceso. Las conclusiones destacan la necesidad de modelos híbridos que combinen IA con pedagogía tradicional, protocolos éticos para mitigar sesgos y estrategias diferenciadas por disciplina, proponiendo un marco para implementaciones responsables que equilibren innovación tecnológica con calidad educativa.
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