Algoritmos genéticos en la asignación de recursos y optimización de rutas en transporte: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36825/RITI.14.34.005Palabras clave:
Algoritmos Genéticos, Asignación de Recursos, Optimización de Rutas, Transporte, Revisión SistemáticaResumen
La programación operativa en empresas de transporte implica la asignación eficiente de vehículos, conductores, rutas y horarios, un problema de optimización combinatoria de alta complejidad cuando se incorporan restricciones de capacidad, ventanas de tiempo, costos, emisiones y variabilidad de la demanda. En este contexto, los algoritmos genéticos (AG) y sus variantes híbridas se han empleado como metaheurísticas para obtener soluciones de buena calidad en tiempos computacionales razonables. Esta revisión sistemática, desarrollada según la metodología de Kitchenham y reportada mediante un diagrama de flujo adaptado de PRISMA 2020, tuvo como objetivo identificar los tipos de problemas de asignación de recursos y optimización de rutas abordados con AG, las variantes predominantes, los resultados cuantitativos reportados y las principales limitaciones. Se revisaron artículos publicados entre 2022 y 2026 en ScienceDirect, Springer Nature Link, IEEE Xplore, MDPI y otras plataformas editoriales con DOI verificable; la selección final comprendió 31 estudios. Los resultados muestran un predominio del Vehicle Routing Problem y sus variantes (80.65 %), junto con una presencia destacada de AG híbridos, estrategias multiobjetivo y operadores adaptativos. Se concluye que los AG son pertinentes para la programación operativa del transporte, aunque persisten desafíos de parametrización, escalabilidad, convergencia prematura y validación en escenarios reales.
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